1. Interventional

    • Incorrect placement of the stent
      Since it is a distal release system, it is better to tend to place the stent more distally. Retracting an inserted stent is easier than pushing it further inward. The circular wire at the proximal, thickened end is grasped with the endoscopic grasping forceps and simply pulled because this action reduces the stent diameter. The same technical mechanism is used in the extraction of the device.
       
    • Incomplete expansion of the stent (the inner diameter of the stent body has not fully expanded to 14 mm):
      This can be remedied by pneumatic balloon dilation, also to ensure the possibility of oral food intake.
       
    • Worsening of the defect by the endoscope
       
    • Aspiration during VAC-stent procedures
      endobronchial lavage and suction to prevent pneumonia
Post-interventional

Obstruction of the drainage tube/VAC stents: If a VAC stent is obstructed, adequate vacuum and drai

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